JEMAD Vol 9 No 1
VOLUME 9
Number 1
2023


List of Articles
Editorial Team
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Asa Jose U. Sajise
Department of Economics
Department of Economics
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Luisito C. Abueg
Department of Economics
Department of Economics
Ma. Angeles O. Catelo
Department of Economics
Department of Economics
Rowena A. Dorado
Department of Economics
Department of Economics
Melodee Marciana E. de Castro
Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship
Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship
Jewel Joanna S. Cabardo
Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship
Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship
Julieta A. Delos Reyes
Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics
Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics
Liezel S. Cruz
Institute of Cooperatives and Bio-Enterprise Development
Institute of Cooperatives and Bio-Enterprise Development
Jan Danica S. Asma
Institute of Cooperatives and Bio-Enterprise Development
Institute of Cooperatives and Bio-Enterprise Development
Editorial Advisory Board
Agham C. Cuevas, Dean
College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños
College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Gregmar I. Galinato, Associate Professor
Washington State University
Washington State University
Flordeliza A. Lantican, Retired Professor
College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños
College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Rodolfo M. Nayga, Jr., Professor
Food Policy Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas
Food Policy Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas
Nguyen Thi Duong Nga, Chair
Department of Quantitative Analysis, Vietnam National University of Agriculture
Department of Quantitative Analysis, Vietnam National University of Agriculture
Isabelita M. Pabuayon, Retired Professor
College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños
College of Economics and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños
V. Bruce J. Tolentino, Member Monetary Board
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines)
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines)
Jimmy B. Williams, Adjunct Professor
Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship, University of the Philippines Los Baños
Managing Editor
Adriann M. Quilloy
Institute of Cooperatives and Bio-Enterprise Development
Institute of Cooperatives and Bio-Enterprise Development
Editorial Staff
Angelic A. Bautista
College Library
College of Economics and Management
Trixsie Dianne J. Bullecer, JEMAD, College of Economics and Management
Jayson S. Cabral, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics
Carolyn D. Jimenez, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics
Christian Paul L. Fang, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics
College Library
College of Economics and Management
Trixsie Dianne J. Bullecer, JEMAD, College of Economics and Management
Jayson S. Cabral, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics
Carolyn D. Jimenez, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics
Christian Paul L. Fang, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics
Cover and Layout
Renen Szilardo C. de Guzman
Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship
Department of Agribusiness Management and Entrepreneurship
Journal Cover Design
Renen Szilardo C. de Guzman